Are you sure the values arent being saved or is the problem that you are not recalling them properly? I don't see any problem with the saving part, the recall is no good though. For one you are putting the insert statement into the adapters select command, secondly you are setting the textbox text values to an empty string after your attempt at loading the values (""). I cleaned up the code a bit using better practices and it should work:
Using Connection As New SqlClient.SqlConnection("Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=|Da… Security=True;User Instance=True")
Connection.Open()
Using Command As New SqlClient.SqlCommand("INSERT INTO [users] (@Val1, @Val2)", Connection)
Command.Parameters.Add(New SqlClient.SqlCommand("@Val1", textbox1.text))
Command.Parameters.Add(New SqlClient.SqlCommand("@Val2", textbox2.text))
Command.ExecuteNonQuery()
End Using